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Find reviewed Uno R3 Classroom Pack lessons, a bounded UNO Q pathway, and supporting concepts.

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Upload, blink, and observe Upload a known sketch, change one timing value, and use visible evidence to prove that the Uno is running the revised program. USB cable · Computer with Arduino IDE or Arduino Cloud Editor	Skill lesson1.1	Arduino Uno R3	35-45 minutes	MS-PRO-PD-13ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Build and trace a breadboard circuit Map the hidden connections inside a breadboard, assemble a protected LED circuit, and trace every electrical node before applying power. Breadboard · Solid-core jumper wires · 220 Ω resistor · more	Skill lesson1.2	Arduino Uno R3	40-55 minutes	MS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Build a protected LED output Wire and control an external LED while verifying polarity, resistance, pin mapping, and a shared ground. 5 mm LED · 220 Ω resistor · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson1.3	Arduino Uno R3	35-50 minutes	MS-ALG-PS-03Algorithms & DesignMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Read a pushbutton reliably Read a momentary pushbutton with a defined resting state and make its active-low behavior visible in Serial Monitor. Momentary pushbutton · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson2.1	Arduino Uno R3	35-50 minutes	MS-PRO-RD-17ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Button to signal Build a stable digital input, control a protected LED, and explain how a physical action becomes program behavior. Momentary pushbutton · LED · 220 Ω resistor · more	Skill lesson2.2	Arduino Uno R3	35-55 minutes	MS-PRO-RD-17ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Read and map an analog control Read a potentiometer, observe its full range, and map the measurement to a bounded output value. 10 kilohm potentiometer · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson2.3	Arduino Uno R3	40-55 minutes	MS-PRO-VD-16ProgrammingMS-PRO-RD-17Programming	Open
Light to threshold Measure the kit phototransistor circuit, collect evidence, calibrate a threshold, and publish a dependable light event. Starter Kit phototransistor · 10 kΩ resistor · Breadboard and jumper wires · more	Skill lesson3.1	Arduino Uno R3	45-60 minutes	MS-DAT-DC-21Data & AnalysisMS-DAT-DI-27Data & Analysis	Open
Temperature to response Measure a TMP36 signal, convert it to temperature, and test a response against evidence collected in the room. TMP36 temperature sensor from the Starter Kit · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson3.2	Arduino Uno R3	45-60 minutes	MS-DAT-DC-21Data & AnalysisMS-DAT-DI-27Data & Analysis	Open
Tilt to event Turn a tilt-switch change into a stable, observable event rather than treating orientation as a guaranteed continuous measurement. Tilt switch from the Starter Kit · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson3.3	Arduino Uno R3	35-50 minutes	MS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Display a sensor value on the LCD Wire the kit’s 16 × 2 character LCD in 4-bit mode and display a changing analog value with a clear label. 16 × 2 alphanumeric LCD · Two 10 kΩ potentiometers · 220 Ω resistor for the reviewed backlight circuit · more	Skill lesson3.4	Arduino Uno R3	55-75 minutes	MS-PRO-RD-17ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Mix color with an RGB LED Control the red, green, and blue channels independently, then mix repeatable colors with PWM values. Starter Kit RGB LED · Three 220 Ω resistors · Breadboard and jumper wires · more	Skill lesson4.1	Arduino Uno R3	45-60 minutes	MS-PRO-VD-16ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
State to sound Generate clear piezo feedback and use frequency, duration, and silence to communicate program state. Piezo element from the Starter Kit · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson4.2	Arduino Uno R3	40-55 minutes	MS-PRO-RD-17ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Detect a knock with the piezo Use the kit piezo as a vibration sensor, observe its brief analog signal, and calibrate a knock threshold from evidence. Starter Kit piezo capsule · 1 MΩ resistor · Breadboard and jumper wires · more	Skill lesson4.3	Arduino Uno R3	45-60 minutes	MS-DAT-DI-27Data & Analysis	Open
Trigger to servo motion Use a verified digital trigger to command two bounded servo positions and test the motion safely. Starter Kit hobby servo · Momentary pushbutton · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson4.4	Arduino Uno R3	45-65 minutes	MS-PRO-RD-17ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Plan and verify power for a load Distinguish USB, regulated rails, VIN, and an external load supply before connecting a motor or other higher-current component. USB cable · 9 V battery snap · Teacher-approved battery or current-limited supply not included in the kit · more	Skill lesson5.1	Arduino Uno R3	45-60 minutes	MS-SYS-HW-30Systems & Security	Open
Switch a DC motor safely Use the kit IRF520 MOSFET and 1N4007 flyback diode to switch a DC motor without driving it directly from an Arduino pin. Starter Kit DC motor · IRF520 MOSFET · 1N4007 diode · more	Skill lesson5.2	Arduino Uno R3	50-70 minutes	MS-SYS-HW-30Systems & SecurityMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Control DC motor direction Use the kit L293D H-bridge to start, stop, and reverse a DC motor through explicit enable and direction signals. Starter Kit DC motor · L293D H-bridge motor driver · Teacher-approved motor supply · more	Skill lesson5.3	Arduino Uno R3	55-75 minutes	MS-SYS-HW-30Systems & SecurityMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Isolate a digital signal with the 4N35 Send a digital state through light inside the 4N35 while keeping two low-voltage circuits electrically separate. 4N35 optocoupler · 220 Ω input resistor · 10 kΩ output pull-up resistor · more	Skill lesson6.1	Arduino Uno R3	60-75 minutes	MS-SYS-HW-30Systems & SecurityMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Sequence without blocking Coordinate timed outputs while the sketch continues checking inputs, using elapsed time instead of long delays. Built-in LED or protected external LED · Momentary pushbutton · Breadboard and jumper wires if using external parts	Skill lesson6.2	Arduino Uno R3	50-70 minutes	MS-PRO-PD-12ProgrammingMS-PRO-RD-17Programming	Open
Build event and state logic Distinguish an input transition from a held condition and move a system through explicit named states. Momentary pushbutton · Built-in LED or protected external LED · Breadboard and jumper wires	Skill lesson6.3	Arduino Uno R3	50-70 minutes	MS-PRO-RD-17ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Connect UNO Q and run an App Lab example Set up the UNO Q in Arduino App Lab, run a known example, and document the difference between the Linux side and the real-time microcontroller. USB-C data cable · Computer with Arduino App Lab · Classroom Wi-Fi for initial setup and updates	Skill lesson1.1	Arduino UNO Q 2GB	35-50 minutes	MS-PRO-PD-13ProgrammingMS-PRO-TR-19Programming	Open
Test a pre-trained audio classifier Run a reviewed App Lab audio-classification example, test it with teacher-provided sounds, and use evidence to describe where the model succeeds and fails. USB-C data cable · Computer with Arduino App Lab · Teacher-provided non-sensitive audio samples	Skill lesson1.2	Arduino UNO Q 2GB	40-55 minutes	MS-ALG-PS-04Algorithms & DesignMS-DAT-DI-27Data & Analysis	Open
Floating pins and pull-up resistors A digital input needs a defined voltage. An unconnected pin can appear stable but remains undefined and susceptible to electrical noise. A pull-up or pull-down resistor establishes its resting state. Preview concept details Compare an unconnected INPUT with INPUT_PULLUP. The Uno R3 provides internal pull-ups on its GPIO pins, including A0–A5 when used digitally. Connect a button from the input pin to GND: released reads HIGH and pressed reads LOW. Teacher note Floating and button bounce are different problems. Bounce is a rapid mechanical transition after a real press; floating means the input has no defined resting voltage.	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
How to read a component board Many add-on boards expose power, ground, and one or more signal pins—but the exact board documentation is the authority. Preview concept details Identify VCC and its permitted voltage. Identify GND; connected devices generally need a common voltage reference. Identify each signal and its direction: module to Arduino, Arduino to module, or both. Do not assume two signal pins mean analog plus digital. They may be a communication bus or separate input and output, such as ultrasonic TRIG and ECHO.	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
Power is not signal: 5 V, 3.3 V, and external supplies The Uno R3 uses 5 V GPIO logic and also exposes regulated 5 V and 3.3 V power rails. Power rails, logic levels, and current capacity are different specifications. Preview concept details Check the component’s supply voltage, logic tolerance, and normal and worst-case current. Apply higher input voltage only through the Uno’s designated VIN or barrel-jack path—not to GPIO or a regulated rail. Use a suitable driver for motors. Never power a motor from a GPIO pin. Use an appropriately sized external supply when motor current or electrical noise exceeds what the board can safely provide, and establish common GND where the driver design requires it. Teacher note Similar-looking modules can use different regulators, level shifting, pinouts, and current limits. Verify the exact part.	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
Ohm’s Law for Arduino circuits Ohm’s Law relates voltage, current, and resistance: V = I × R. Use it to predict current, choose a starting resistor value, and check whether a circuit is plausible before applying power. Preview concept details Name the values and units before calculating: voltage in volts (V), current in amperes (A), and resistance in ohms (Ω). Rearrange the same relationship for the unknown: I = V ÷ R, R = V ÷ I, or V = I × R. Convert milliamperes to amperes before using the formula: 10 mA = 0.010 A and 20 mA = 0.020 A. For an LED resistor, use the voltage across the resistor—not the full supply voltage: R = (Vsupply − VLED) ÷ ILED. Check resistor power with P = V × I or P = I² × R, then select a standard resistor whose resistance and power rating are safely suitable. Predict current`I = 5 V ÷ 1,000 Ω = 0.005 A = 5 mA` A 1 kΩ resistor across 5 V would carry 5 mA in the idealized calculation. Choose an LED resistor`R = (5 V − 2 V) ÷ 0.010 A = 300 Ω` Choose a suitable standard value at or above the calculation, such as 330 Ω, then verify the actual LED and board limits. Check resistor power`P = 3 V × 0.010 A = 0.030 W` The resistor dissipates about 30 mW in this example; confirm an adequate rated part with margin. Teacher note Ohm’s Law is a model, not permission to ignore specifications. LEDs are nonlinear, GPIO pins have electrical limits, component values vary, and motors are not fixed resistors. Verify the actual circuit and components.	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
Electromagnetism turns current into motion Current through a coil creates a magnetic field. Motors arrange changing magnetic fields so electrical energy produces rotation or another controlled movement. Preview concept details A current-carrying wire creates a magnetic field; winding the wire into a coil concentrates that field. Reversing current through the coil reverses its magnetic field. Motor mechanisms use changing field direction to keep producing torque. A motor winding is an inductive load. When current is interrupted, the collapsing magnetic field can produce a voltage spike, so the switching circuit needs appropriate transient protection. A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, with some energy also becoming heat and sound. Arduino connection The Uno supplies control signals; it does not safely supply motor current through a GPIO pin. A transistor or motor driver switches the separate motor-current path. Teacher note Begin with the energy story—electrical input, magnetic interaction, mechanical output—before introducing driver pins. This keeps the driver from appearing to be an arbitrary wiring requirement. Arduino Transistor Motor Control	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
Motor types solve different movement problems A brushed DC motor, hobby servo, stepper motor, and vibration motor may all contain electromagnets, but they expose different interfaces and provide different kinds of control. Preview concept details Brushed DC motor: continuous rotation; reverse polarity to reverse direction; use PWM through a driver to vary average drive and approximate speed. Hobby servo: integrated motor, gears, feedback electronics, and a signal interface; command position rather than switching the motor leads directly. Stepper motor: multiple windings move in discrete steps; it requires a compatible driver and an ordered coil sequence or STEP/DIR interface. Vibration motor: a small DC motor with an off-center mass; usually used for haptic feedback and commonly switched in one direction. Arduino connection Select the motor from the required motion first, then choose the driver, supply, library, and control pins that match that exact motor. Teacher note Do not use “motor” as though it describes one interchangeable component. Ask whether the project needs continuous rotation, a commanded angle, repeatable steps, or vibration. Arduino Servo library Arduino Stepper library	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
On/off, speed, and direction require different circuits The behavior you need determines whether the interface can be a transistor switch, a PWM-controlled switch, or an H-bridge. Preview concept details One direction, on/off: use a properly rated transistor or MOSFET switch and the required flyback protection. One direction, variable drive: apply PWM to the switching or driver input; do not connect the motor directly to the PWM pin. Forward and reverse: use an H-bridge so the driver can reverse current through the motor. Stopping is a design choice: coasting and electrical braking are different driver states and must be confirmed in the driver truth table. Power motors from a supply matched to their voltage and current needs. Size for startup or stall current, not only no-load current, and share ground when the driver interface requires a common reference. Arduino connection A sketch usually separates enable or PWM from direction inputs. Change one layer at a time: prove direction at a low duty cycle, then test speed behavior under the real mechanical load. Teacher note PWM changes average applied drive, not guaranteed shaft speed. Load, supply voltage, friction, gearing, and motor characteristics all affect the observed speed. Arduino PWM basics Arduino Motor Shield Rev3	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open
A motor driver separates control logic from motor power A driver accepts low-current logic signals and switches a separate, higher-current motor circuit. The exact IC or module determines the supplies, inputs, outputs, limits, jumpers, and protection required. Preview concept details Identify the logic supply, motor supply, ground, control inputs, enable inputs, and motor outputs before wiring. For an L293D IC, VCC1 is the 5 V logic supply and VCC2 is the motor supply. The L293D is rated up to 600 mA per channel, but voltage drop, heat, and the motor’s stall current still determine suitability. For an L298N module, Motor A uses ENA, IN1, and IN2; Motor B uses ENB, IN3, and IN4. Module regulator and enable-jumper behavior varies, so verify the exact board rather than relying on a generic red-module diagram. One possible Uno mapping is D5 (PWM) to ENA and D7/D8 to IN1/IN2. The motor connects only to the driver outputs; the motor supply is external; Arduino and driver share GND. Power off before rewiring. Never connect a driver output or motor lead to an Arduino GPIO pin. Arduino connection Use named constants such as motorEnablePin, motorInput1Pin, and motorInput2Pin. Test stop, one direction, and the opposite direction before introducing PWM or a second motor. Teacher note The supplied source sheets are useful visual starting points, but the original L298N Arduino page contains contradictory Motor B labels and pin instructions. Rudi replaces those instructions with the IC’s IN3/IN4 and ENB terminology and requires verification against the exact module. Texas Instruments L293D datasheet STMicroelectronics L298 datasheet	ConceptReference	Supporting reference	—	Supporting reference—not independently mapped	Open

Upload, blink, and observe

Build and trace a breadboard circuit

Build a protected LED output

Read a pushbutton reliably

Button to signal

Read and map an analog control

Light to threshold

Temperature to response

Tilt to event

Display a sensor value on the LCD

Mix color with an RGB LED

State to sound

Detect a knock with the piezo

Trigger to servo motion

Plan and verify power for a load

Switch a DC motor safely

Control DC motor direction

Isolate a digital signal with the 4N35

Sequence without blocking

Build event and state logic

Connect UNO Q and run an App Lab example

Test a pre-trained audio classifier

Floating pins and pull-up resistors

How to read a component board

Power is not signal: 5 V, 3.3 V, and external supplies

Ohm’s Law for Arduino circuits

Electromagnetism turns current into motion

Motor types solve different movement problems

On/off, speed, and direction require different circuits

A motor driver separates control logic from motor power